If the revolution in saintdomingue was a roaring fire, then boukman s rebellion was the spark. The haitian revolution, 17911805, historicising african. The ncr also recognised the 216th anniversary of haitis independence on january 2, 2020 and the role played by dutty boukman, an enslaved. This meeting took the form of a vodou ceremony in the bois caiman alligator woods, on. The revolt began on 22 august 1791, and ended in 1804 with the former colonys independence. Apr 28, 2011 boukman, the jamaican, who was sold to a frenchman and brought to haiti from jamaica because of his rebellious spirit, played an instrumental role in the revolution that lead to haiti being the very first country in the new world, in 1803, to throw off the shackles of slavery, and gain its freedom. It was dutty boukman, an exportee from jamaica, whose spark ignited the revolution, and it was only after he was murdered that toussaint became the leader. The revolution builds 17911792 24 september 1791 the national assembly in france revokes the may 15 decree, which had granted limited rights to free blacks and mulattoes, and names three commissioners to restore order in saintdomingue. Boukman was a hougan, or voodoo priest, whose death was considered a catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the haitian revolution. This meeting took the form of a vodou ceremony in the bois caiman alligator woods, on the plantation of his owner m. It can be said that the haitian revolution started and ended in jamaica boukman dutty, long held to have been the instigator of the uprising, was sold by his jamaican slavemaster to a haitian plantation owner guess he didnt realise he was getting the wrong. He eventually ended up in haiti, where he became a leader of the maroons and a vodou hougan priest. Haitis history is inextricably intertwined with that of jamaica.
They were led by queen nanni nanny and kojo, respectively. This rebellion is said by many to be the catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the haitian revolution. It is the jamaicans, however, who hold the distinction of waging the most slave rebellions in the west per capita. Boukman of haiti was a revolutionary leader and voodoo priest.
Ready to carry out their plans, the slaves meet in mornerouge to make final preparations and to give instructions. Im 32 and my experiences with jamaicans in toronto, njessex county, ny have been nothing but respect and love. Haitian revolution part 1 this is the currently selected item. The haitian revolution was a revolution ignited from below, by the underrepresented majority of the population. The kingdom of this world michigan state university. A native jamaican, his name literally meant dirty bookman, a likely reference to a secret book of occult lore he always kept close. People say things like theyre ashey and mix match and are dirty and if someone asks another person if theyre haitian and they arent theyll get really upset about it.
Indeed, the yoruba slave, dutty boukman, who ignited the revolution has been reduced to a mere footnote in the body of the prevailing westernbiased haitian hegemonic historiography. Boukman page 60 boukman was a jamaican slave and houngan, and on august 14th, 1791, he organized a meeting of slaves in the mountains of the north plain of haiti. The haitian and jamaican revolutions compared a dialog on haitil, may 1995. Jan 16, 2010 as haitians and jamaicans suffer together, they must also unite to achieve deliverance, recalling that the jamaicanborn haitian named dutty boukman led the 1791 slave revolt against france in. Originally born in senegambia presentday senegal and gambia, he was captured, enslaved and transported to jamaica. Dutty boukman also known as boukman dutty died 7 november 1791 was an early leader of the haitian revolution. Just a week after that pivotal meeting and bwa kayman voudou ceremony, the haitian revolution began on aug. Now youre probably saying, sal, all of this craziness is happening in france. He was an educated man, although a slave, who was sold by his british master to a french plantation in haiti. On august 14, 1791, on a hilltop called bwa kayiman in haiti a self educated jamaican born slave dutty boukman boukman dutty, led other slaves in a rebellion against the french.
Racial, class and colonial conflict, high priest boukman. The fearless leader who helped spark the haitian revolution. It is believed dutty boukman was a selfeducated slave born on the island of jamaica. Domingue were unprecedented and completely new, and followed the american revolution of 1776 and french revolution of 1789, a third great revolution that had devastating implications on the countries still under the link of. The french revolution of 1789 in france was the spark which lit the haitian revolution of 1791. Apr 27, 2011 real haitians and real jamaicans love each other. In a recent post i asked for help in finding out what the ratio of slaves to free persons was in jamaica at the time of the haitian revolution. In 1791, the outbreak of the haitian revolution, at first localized in one district of the colonys northern plain, soon spawned waves of slave insurgencies that assembled and fought the horrors of oppression. He was later sold by his british master to a french plantation owner after he attempted to teach. But, prior to that spark there was a great deal of dissatisfaction with the metropolitan france and that dissatisfaction created some very strange alliances and movements.
Jacques vincent oge, an affranchis representing the colony in france, leads a revolt against the white colonial authorities in saintdomingue. During this period, dutty boukman boukman dutty who was an african man, enslaved in haiti, was one of the most visible early leaders of the haitian revolution. On august 1791, she held a ceremony with dutty boukman, and she prophesied that jean francious, bissaou and jeannot would lead the resistance that would free the. Boukman dutty the enslaved behind the armed revolts and. Jamaica and haiti are both located in the caribbean, specifically in the greater antilles. Toussaint creates a constitution out lawing slavery, and voodoo, the main religion of the haitian people. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Below you will find their lists, followed by brief descriptions culled from their book jackets. The boukman rebellion providing the spark for the haitian revolution. Born in senegambia presentday senegal and gambia, he was captured, enslaved and transported to jamaica. Haitian revolution 17911804, series of conflicts between haitian slaves, colonists, the armies of the british and french colonizers, and a number of other parties. And then 1697 until the period that were talking about right now, which is the late 1700s, the period of the french revolution, it was a french colony. Haitian revolution reading list age of revolutions.
And there was actually a voodoo ceremony that was run by an individual whose name was dutty boukman. Dutty boukman was a maroon, revolutionary, and the spiritual leader who led. Dutty boukman died 7 november 1791 was an early leader of the haitian revolution. Maroon community the jamaican rebellions britannica. Boukman dutty, a haitian slave called on the slaves to have their own revolution. Dutty boukman was a maroon, revolutionary, and the spiritual leader who led his followers in prayer just before they launched the only successful slave revolt in history. He eventually ended up in haiti, where he became a leader of the maroons and a vodou hougan priest according to some contemporary accounts, boukman, alongside cecile. Jamaica and haiti are related in terms of having similar historical backgrounds and being located in the same region. One must emphasize the struggles that had been occurring for decades prior to the 1791 outbreak of fullscale rebellion. Council to educate jcans on justification for reparation. As haitians and jamaicans suffer together, they must also unite to achieve deliverance, recalling that the jamaicanborn haitian named dutty boukman led the 1791 slave revolt against france in. In many senses the revolution was already under way by august 1791, but that months vodou ceremony has become a convenient landmark to date the official start of the uprising. This rebellion is said by many to be the catalyst to the slave uprising.
During the haitian revolution, the series of issues that unfolded in st. Petition get the jamaican government to honor dutty boukman. The petro lwa family was born from these rituals and from the haitian revolution itself. There may be no man more important in the haitian revolution than dutty boukman. Moreover, henry christophe, the haitian revolution leader, was the only one blessed with an imposing physique. Dutty boukman boukman dutty died november 1791 was an african man, enslaved in jamaica.
On august 14, 1791, on a hilltop called bwa kayiman in haiti a self educated slave who escaped from jamaica named dutty boukman boukman dutty, led other slaves in a rebellion against the french. Dutty boukman, voodoo priest of the haitian revolution. Dutty boukman, the fearless leader who helped spark the. Boukman also boukmann, dutty boukman or zamba boukman was a leader of the rebellion in its initial stages, he is reputed to have led a vodou ceremony together with the mambo cecile fatiman at bois caiman on august 22, 1791 which signaled the start of the rebellion. The slaves decide that upon a given signal, the plantations would be systematically set aflame, and a.
The insurrection on the i sland of san domingo came from the mass of enslaved blacks in the french sugar plantation colony there, who risked everything to pursue freedom. Only eight days later, on august 22, the rebellion began in the haitian mountains in the north. Through the struggle, the haitian people ultimately won independence from france and thereby became the first country to be founded by former slaves. Boukman dutty the enslaved behind the armed revolts. The haitian revolution of 17911803 webster university. Dutty boukman also known as boukman dutty was an early leader of the haitian revolution. The women that led the haitian revolution and killed it. May 05, 2017 dutty boukman boukman dutty died november 1791 was an african man, enslaved in jamaica.
This makes the people upset with louvertures new constitution. At my school people love jamaicans, they love the slang and will try to imitate it but when it comes to being haitian there is always a bad connotation to it. Haitian revolution begins augustseptember 1791 2128 oct 1790 the oge rebellion. Historically, two major groups inhabited either side of the caribbean island, the windward maroons of the east and the leeward maroons of the west. Thus, boukman should really be boukman louverture boukman the opening. All rebellious slaves everywhere were sold to the french in saintdomingue, and boukman was no exception. Oct 08, 2014 boukman was a hougan, or voodoo priest, whose death was considered a catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the haitian revolution. When the french revolution began, white settlers on haiti called for independence.
Special thanks to patrick jamieson and gordon scobie who gave me that explicit information. They burned the sugar cane in the fields and killed hundreds of slave owners. Dutty boukman, the fearless leader who helped spark the haitian. In 1791, the outbreak of the haitian revolution, at first localized in one district of the colonys northern plain, soon spawned waves of slave insurgencies that assembled and fought the horrors of oppressi. Maroon community maroon community the jamaican rebellions. Dutty boukman organizes slave revolution dutty boukman a former slave and voodoo priest oranizes a revolution to try to make the whites leave. A huge majority of the supporters of the haitian revolution were slaves and freed africans who were severely discriminated against by colonial society and the law. The 1804 haitian revolution was carried out against the remaining white population of native french people and french creoles or francohaitians in haiti by haitian soldiers under orders from jeanjacques dessalines. It can be said that the haitian revolution started and ended in jamaica boukman dutty, long held to have been the instigator of the uprising, was sold by his jamaican slavemaster to a haitian plantation owner guess he didnt realise he was getting the wrong end of the bargain. If the revolution in saintdomingue was a roaring fire, then boukmans rebellion was the spark. Boukman would meet his demise when the french captured and beheaded him. On 22 august 1791, the enslaved africans descended to le cap, where they destroyed the plantations and executed all the whites who lived in the region.
While boukman was not the first to lead a slave rebellion in. Its the foolery of the younger generation that starts the problems. Boukman dutty called book man in jamaica because he could read was sold by his british master to a frenchman and his name became boukman in haiti. But of course, the size of boukman, nor that of macandal, has never attracted eyewitnesses attention. Also the people of saint domingue are now citizens of france, and he makes himself ruler for life. Sep 22, 2009 when the french revolution began, white settlers on haiti called for independence.
Jan 21, 2016 pictures supporting this historical revolution. November 7, 1791 dutty boukman was born in jamaica but was sold to a. Indeed, it has long been hidden from us that a jamaican slave fired up the haitian revolution, because it might give us locals ideas about the possibilities of our own liberation. Boukman was born in and later sold by his british to a french.
Revolisyon ayisyen was a successful insurrection by selfliberated slaves against french colonial rule in saintdomingue, now the sovereign state of haiti. It all began with cecile fantiman, born to an african mother and a white father, history describes fantiman as a voodoo priestess, and the spark that started the haitian revolution. It has even been widely assumed that the haitian revolution was intellectually inspired by western cultural values. In the beginning of the haitian revolution, boukman held a religious ceremony in boiscaimon alligator woods. Colony of jamaica en voir et modifier les donnees sur wikidata. Boukman was quickly captured and beheaded, but the revolution had started and would lead to haiti becoming the first independent republic of haiti. So haitians and jamaicans do not dislike each other idiots from both sides do.
354 1167 1686 1413 919 215 786 821 1089 1413 522 468 772 1173 862 1392 703 1430 1315 218 1208 877 858 74 12 925 608 338 812 2 238